What are enumerated powers?

Enumerated powers refer specifically to the powers that are explicitly granted to Congress as outlined in the United States Constitution, primarily found in Article I, Section 8. These powers include the authority to levy taxes, regulate commerce, declare war, and maintain an army, among others. The concept is foundational to understanding the scope of federal legislative authority and is designed to provide a clear framework within which Congress can operate.

The clarity and specificity of enumerated powers mean that they define the limits and responsibilities of the federal government, contrasting with other types of powers, such as implied or reserved powers, which deal with authority not explicitly stated in the Constitution. Recognizing the enumerated powers is crucial in discussions about federalism because they establish the legal bounds of Congressional power and the relationship between state and federal authority.