What characterizes the relationship between states in horizontal federalism?

The relationship between states in horizontal federalism is characterized by the sharing of legal agreements and recognition across state lines. This concept emphasizes the interactions and interdependencies among states within the federal system. For instance, legal agreements such as compacts between states facilitate cooperation on issues that transcend state borders, whether it be environmental regulations, transportation, or other concerns requiring collective action.

Moreover, constitutional provisions, such as the Full Faith and Credit Clause, support this relationship by requiring states to recognize and uphold the legal decisions and public acts of other states. This promotes unity and cohesion within the legal framework of the country, enabling states to function collaboratively while also respecting each other's laws and court rulings.

This collaborative aspect distinguishes horizontal federalism from vertical federalism, which is concerned with the power dynamics between different levels of government, such as the federal and state governments. The other choices reflect misunderstandings of horizontal federalism, as they either imply a lack of collaboration or a unilateral reliance on federal law, which do not accurately portray the cooperative framework established between states.