What constitutes a mandatory referendum in a state?

A mandatory referendum in a state occurs when state law requires that specific types of measures must be put to a vote by the residents. This ensures that significant decisions, like constitutional amendments or changes to certain laws, receive direct approval from the electorate rather than solely being decided by elected officials. By mandating that certain measures go to a public vote, this process enhances democratic participation and accountability, allowing citizens to have a direct say in important legislative issues.

The other options do not accurately describe a mandatory referendum. The idea that the legislature has the discretion to put any measure on the ballot refers more to optional referendums, where legislative bodies choose to involve voters at their discretion. Mandatory voting for all citizens is a separate concept concerning voting requirements rather than the referenda process itself. Lastly, the notion that all proposed measures automatically go to a statewide vote mischaracterizes mandatory referendums; not all legislation or proposals require voter approval, only those specified by law. Thus, the correct understanding focuses on the law's stipulation that certain measures must be voted on by the electorate.