What is an example of "marble cake" federalism?

"Marble cake" federalism is characterized by a blending or mixing of responsibilities and powers among different levels of government, such as national, state, and local. This concept contrasts with "layer cake" federalism, where responsibilities are distinctly separated.

The correct answer highlights how programs and authority are not strictly delineated; instead, they intermingle, allowing for cooperation and interaction among various governmental layers. For example, a healthcare initiative might involve federal funding and state implementation, demonstrating how both levels work together collaboratively.

In contrast, strict separation of powers suggests that different levels of government operate independently without overlap, which does not align with the concept of "marble cake" federalism. Similarly, the distribution of power solely to the national government or the complete autonomy of state governments implies a clear division of authority or independence rather than a blending of responsibilities and roles. This blending is essential to understanding how federalism functions in a more interconnected and cooperative way.