What is dual federalism?

The concept of dual federalism refers to a specific framework in which both state and national governments operate independently within their own distinct areas of authority. This arrangement allows each level of government to exercise its powers without significant interference from the other, with each maintaining clear responsibilities.

In dual federalism, the responsibilities of the national government are generally limited to issues that cross state lines or pertain to national interests, while states retain control over local and regional matters. This system is often visualized as a layer cake, where the distinct layers of government function mainly within their designated spheres, emphasizing a clear separation of powers.

This contrasts with the notion of national supremacy, where the national government would override state authority, and collaborative governance models which promote intergovernmental cooperation. Understanding dual federalism is crucial as it underscores the balance of power intended in the U.S. federal system, illustrating how states and the federal government coexist with prominent yet separate duties.