What is the primary difference between a unitary system and a federal system?

The primary difference between a unitary system and a federal system lies in the distribution and centralization of power. In a unitary system, most or all governance authority is concentrated at the national level, meaning that any regional or local governments derive their powers from the national government and can be altered or abolished by it. This allows for a uniform policy implementation throughout the country, as local governments do not have constitutionally guaranteed powers.

In contrast, a federal system divides power between a national government and various state or local governments. Each level of government operates independently in certain areas and has its own authority, which means both have the ability to legislate and govern within their respective domains. This allows for a more diverse range of policies that can cater to the specific needs of different regions, reflecting the principle of local governance and enabling a balance of power.

Therefore, the answer correctly highlights that in a unitary system, power is centralized within the national government, while in a federal system, there is a shared allocation of powers between national and state governments, ensuring a degree of autonomy for the latter.