What role does the U.S. Constitution play in federalism?

The U.S. Constitution plays a crucial role in federalism by explicitly establishing the division of powers between the federal and state governments. This division is essential for ensuring that each level of government operates effectively within its own sphere of authority. The Constitution delineates the powers granted to the federal government, such as regulating interstate commerce and conducting foreign affairs, while also reserving certain powers to the states, as outlined in the Tenth Amendment.

This framework helps create a balance between national and state interests, allowing for a system of checks and balances where both levels of government can operate independently yet cooperatively. The Constitution not only establishes these powers but also sets the stage for how conflicts between state and federal laws are resolved, emphasizing the role of the judiciary in interpreting these powers.

The other options fail to capture the comprehensive function of the Constitution regarding federalism. For instance, while it does provide some guidelines regarding state governments, option A is too narrow. Option C overlooks the significant autonomy that states maintain under the Constitution, as it does not exclusively govern federal authority. Lastly, option D does not accurately reflect the Constitution’s role, as the Constitution allows for amendments and adaptations of federal laws rather than restricting changes in a meaningful way. Thus, the correct answer highlights the Constitution