What was the primary outcome of the Gonzales v. Raich ruling?

The primary outcome of the Gonzales v. Raich ruling was that Congress was upheld in its authority to prohibit local marijuana cultivation even in states where such use is legalized under state law. The Supreme Court ruled that the federal government could regulate local cultivation of marijuana under the Commerce Clause, based on the rationale that even local production could have a substantial impact on interstate commerce due to the overall effects on supply and demand.

This ruling confirmed that federal law can trump state law when it comes to matters that affect interstate commerce, emphasizing the supremacy of federal authority in regulating substances like marijuana, despite state-specific legalization efforts. The case highlighted the tension between state and federal drug policies and clarified the boundaries of congressional power regarding local economic activities that may seem non-commercial.