Which amendment explicitly reserves powers not delegated to the federal government for the states?

The 10th Amendment explicitly reserves powers not delegated to the federal government for the states. This amendment reflects the principle of federalism by affirming that any powers that are not specifically granted to the national government by the Constitution are retained by the states or the people. This was intended to limit the scope of federal authority and safeguard state powers, demonstrating the Constitution's balance between national and state governance.

In contrast, the other amendments listed address different aspects of legal and civil rights. The 11th Amendment deals with state sovereign immunity, the 14th Amendment focuses on citizenship rights and equal protection under the law, and the 3rd Amendment prohibits the quartering of soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent. None of these amendments pertain to the reservation of powers to the states as the 10th Amendment does.