Which of the following characterizes modern federalism in the U.S.?

Modern federalism in the United States is characterized by increased intergovernmental relationships and partnerships. This reflects the evolving nature of governance, where cooperation between federal, state, and local governments has become essential to address complex societal issues effectively. The modern federal framework emphasizes collaboration through various formal and informal agreements, such as grants-in-aid and cooperative programs, allowing different levels of government to work together on projects ranging from education to infrastructure.

The interconnectedness enhances the ability to respond to problems that cross jurisdictional boundaries, enabling a more cohesive and comprehensive approach to policy-making. Such relationships often involve shared responsibilities, resources, and accountability, which are key aspects of contemporary governance, illustrating that no level of government operates in isolation but rather functions in a network of collaboration and mutual support. This dynamic has become increasingly vital in addressing modern challenges that require collective action across different governmental layers.